Agriculture plays a dominant role in most of East and Central Africa, and many countries face similar agroecological, climatic, and development challenges. As a result, significant scale economies can be realized by approaching research and development (R&D) regionally. The challenge for such networks is to determine regional and national research priorities with the highest potential rates of economic return, and methodology to assess regional research priorities is a critical input into this process. This paper presents a methodology using spatial analysis and the Dynamic Research Evaluation for Management (DREAM) modeling software, which was developed by IFPRI to assess potential economic returns to agricultural R&D and guide resource allocation decisions. DREAM is applied to the East and Central African region to estimate potential economic and technological spillovers from country- and regional-level R&D investments for select commodities, based on future projections of supply and demand, trade flows between countries and world markets, and shared agroecologies and farming systems. The results indicate significant potential for agricultural technology spillovers. Countries will therefore reap greater economic benefits in their search for technology solutions if they pool their resources and pursue regional initiatives for the common good.